Estado nutricional y su relación con el consumo alimentario y nivel de actividad física en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado cambios en la salud de las personas. El objetivo fue analizar el estado nutricional y su relación con consumo alimentario, nivel de actividad física en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19, en adultos que asistieron a centro de nutrición. Estudio analítico, transversal, muestra no probabilística, de 81 adultos de 20-61 años, considerando criterios de elegibilidad. La recolección de datos fue a través de cuestionario de consumo alimentario validado (IPAQ) y de actividad física (AF). El análisis estadístico utilizó STATA, versión 16.0. Para evaluar asociación de variables se utilizó pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher. La Población estuvo conformada por mujeres (76,6%), de 40-50 años (45,7%), educación universitaria (67,9%), residencia urbana (86,4%) y nivel de ingreso entre deciles 7 a 10 (90,1%). La ganancia de peso auto informada fue de 1 a 6 kilos. Predominó estado nutricional de malnutrición por exceso (86,4%). Los alimentos de mayor consumo fueron de los grupos de huevos y carnes (91,4%), papas, legumbres, frutas y verduras (82,7%), bebidas gaseosas, productos de pastelería, comida chatarra (82,2%). Se observó aumento en el consumo de alimentos después de la cena, en la compra por Delivery, y un nivel de AF bajo (40,7%). No se observó relación entre estado nutricional y consumo alimentario, tampoco con nivel de AF (p>0,05). Se concluye que no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre estado nutricional con el consumo alimentario y tampoco con el nivel de AF (p>0,05), sin embargo, en los encuestados con malnutrición por exceso predominó un nivel de AF bajo o moderado.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused changes in people's health. The objective was to analyze the nutritional state and its connection with food consumption and level of physical activity in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in adults who attend nutrition centers. this was an analytic and transverse study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 81 adults aged 20-61, considering eligibility criteria. Data were collected by an IPAQ and a validated food consumption questionnaire. STATA 16.0 version was used for the statistical analysis. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the association of variables. Mostly female population (76.6%) aged 40-50 (45.7%), university education (67.9%), urban residence (86.4%), and income level among the highest deciles 7 to 10 (90.1%). Weight gain self-informed from 1 to 6 kilograms. The nutritional state of malnutrition by excess was observed in 86.4%. The highest consumption foods belonged to the groups of eggs and meat (91.4%), potatoes, legumes, fruit and vegetables (82.7%), soda, pastry products, and junk food (82.2%). Food consumption after dinner and delivery food buying increased, and a low PA level (40.7%). No connection between nutritional state and food consumption was observed, nor with physical activity level (p>0.05). As a conclusion, there wasn't a statistically significant association between the nutritional state and the food consumption or physical activity level in the studied group (p>0.05). However, respondents with excess malnutrition had a predominantly low or moderate level of PA.

Evaluación del soporte nutricional intensivo en pacientes con neumonía grave por COVID-19

RESUMEN Introducción: En los pacientes críticos con COVID-19 ocurren una serie de alteraciones metabólicas, las cuales afectan directamente el estado nutricional del paciente. Para mejorar la sobrevida de los pacientes con COVID-19, se hace relevante el tratamiento nutricional oportuno, idealmente dentro de las primeras 24-48 horas de la admisión a la UCI. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar la evolución, desde el ingreso hasta el egreso, del balance nitrogenado, diversos parámetros bioquímicos y el estado nutricional de los pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de temporalidad longitudinal, se realizó en la UCI del Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano, Chile. Se incluyeron a 33 pacientes al ingreso y al egreso de la UCI. Resultados: Se reportó un incremento significativo del balance nitrogenado al egreso de los pacientes de UCI, sin embargo, no se registraron cambios en la media de talla, peso, IMC, prevalencia de desnutrición durante la estancia en la UCI. La prevalencia de desnutrición moderada y severa fue de un 14,0%, valor inferior al 45,0% informado en pacientes con COVID-19. Conclusión: En este estudio se reportó que la implementación del protocolo y la terapia nutricionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se asoció a un aumento del balance nitrogenado y un mejor control glicémico en los pacientes que egresan de la UCI por neumonía de COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, a series of metabolic alterations occur, which directly affect the patient's nutritional status. To improve the survival of patients with COVID-19, timely nutritional treatment is relevant, ideally within the first 24-48 hours of admission to the ICU. The objective of this study was to report the evolution, from admission to discharge, of the nitrogen balance, various biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the ICU of Las Higueras Hospital in Talcahuano, Chile. Thirty-three patients were included at admission and discharge from the ICU. Results: A significant increase in nitrogen balance was reported at ICU patient discharge, however, no changes were recorded in mean height, weight, BMI, or prevalence of malnutrition during ICU stay. The prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition was 14.0%, a value lower than the 45.0% reported in patients with COVID-19. Discussion: In this study we reported that the implementation of the nutritional protocol and therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in nitrogen balance and better glycemic control in patients discharged from the ICU due to COVID-19 pneumonia.

Estado nutricional de las gestantes a la captación del embarazo / Nutritional State of Pregnant Women at the First Gestational Visit

Introducción: Un buen estado nutricional, tanto preconcepcional como durante el embarazo, es de vital importancia por igual para la madre como para el producto de la gestación. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de las embarazadas en el momento de la captación del municipio Regla. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en 81 gestantes, aparentemente sanas a la captación, en el área de salud Lidia y Clodomira, en el período comprendido de enero a mayo del 2019. Las variables a estudiar fueron: sociodemográficas, antecedente obstétrico y estado nutricional. Se utilizó el SPSS-22 para Windows para la estadística. Resultados: La edad materna más frecuente se encontró en el grupo de edades de 20 a 35 años, en su mayoría amas de casa con un alto nivel escolar, y baja paridad. El 56,8 por ciento presentó un estado nutricional adecuado (79 por ciento sin anemia), aun así, el resto mostró alteraciones del peso (por defecto o exceso). No todas las mujeres realizaban las 6 frecuencias alimentarías recomendadas ni consumían diariamente los alimentos de los 7 grupos básicos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las gestantes tenían un estado nutricional adecuado a la captación del embarazo: expresión del estado nutricional pregestacional. Sin embargo, presentaban hábitos alimentarios no saludables durante esta etapa de la vida, en la cual la alimentación es fundamental para la madre y el producto de la concepción(AU)

Introduction: A good nutritional state, both in the preconception stage and during pregnancy, is of vital importance for the mother as well as for the product of pregnancy. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of pregnant women from Regla Municipality at the first gestational visit. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out, in the period from January to May 2019, with 81 pregnant women, apparently healthy in the first gestational visit, from the health area belonging to Lidia and Clodomira Polyclinic. The study variables were sociodemographic ones, obstetric history and nutritional state. SPSS-22 for Windows was used for statistics. Results: The most frequent maternal age was found in the age group of 20 to 35 years, mostly housewives, with a high educational level and low parity. 56.8 percent presented an adequate nutritional status (79 percent without anemia), yet the rest showed weight alterations (by default or excess). Not all the women did the six recommended food frequencies nor did they consume the foods from the seven basic groups daily. Conclusions: Most of the pregnant women had an adequate nutritional state in the first gestational visit, which is consistent with the nutritional state before pregnancy. However, they presented unhealthy eating habits during this stage of life, in which food is essential for the mother and the product of conception(AU)

Evaluación del estado nutricional en población infantil del municipio de Pasto, Colombia / Evaluation of the nutritional state of children in Pasto municipality, Colombia

Introducción: En el campo de la salud pública la tendencia es priorizar el tema de la vigilancia nutricional en la población, a través del monitoreo del comportamiento del estado nutricional. Objetivo: Evaluar la situación nutricional en menores de 18 años del municipio Pasto en el periodo 2014-2016. Métodos: Estudio observacional-descriptivo de la situación nutricional de la población de estudio, reportada en las bases de datos de la Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Pasto-Colombia. Resultados: Se analizaron 158 614 registros, de los cuales 40,82 por ciento fueron de menores de 5 años y 9,18 por ciento en edades entre 5-18 años. Respecto a la desnutrición global se encontró que 18,9 por ciento de los menores fueron diagnosticados en riesgo: 7,2 por ciento con desnutrición global aguda y 0,7 por ciento con desnutrición global severa. Para la desnutrición aguda 10,4 por ciento tuvo diagnóstico de riesgo, 4,8 por ciento desnutrición aguda y 0,8 por ciento desnutrición aguda severa. En la estimación de desnutrición crónica 30,9 por ciento de los niños presentó riesgo de retardo en el crecimiento y 13,05 por ciento retardo en el crecimiento. El 16,7 por ciento de la población tuvo sobrepeso, 4,2 por ciento obesidad, 10,6 por ciento riesgo de delgadez y 2,7 por ciento delgadez. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia, la desnutrición disminuyó en el país entre los años 2010 a 2015. Sin embargo, aún existe desnutrición en el municipio de Pasto que, junto al aumento de la tasa de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes, representa una situación de malnutrición, que podría verse reflejada en importantes problemas para la salud por la generación de enfermedades crónicas a la que conlleva(AU)

Introduction: In the field of public health, the tendency is to prioritize the issue of nutritional surveillance in the population, through the monitoring of the nutritional state´s behavior. Objective: Assess the nutritional state of children under 18 years old in Pasto municipality in the period 2014-2016. Methods: Observational-descriptive study of the studied population´s nutritional state reported in the databases of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Pasto-Colombia. Results: 158 614 records were analyzed, of which 40.82 percent were children under 5 years and 9.18 percent in ages between 5 and 18 years. Regarding global malnutrition, 18.9 percent of children were diagnosed at risk: 7.2 percent with acute global malnutrition and 0.7 percent with severe global malnutrition. For acute malnutrition, 10.4 percent had a risk diagnosis, 4.8 percent acute malnutrition and 0.8 percent severe acute malnutrition. In the estimate of chronic malnutrition, 30.9 percent of the children presented risk of growth retardation and 13.05 percent growth retardation. 16.7 percent of the population were overweight, 4.2 percent obese, 10.6 percent risk of thinness and 2.7 percent thinness. Conclusions: According to the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia, malnutrition decreased in the country between 2010 and 2015. However, there is still malnutrition in Pasto municipality which, together with the increase in the rate of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, represents a situation of malnutrition, which could be reflected in major health problems from the generation of chronic diseases to which it leads(AU)

Asociación entre el tiempo de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos y los niveles de adiposidad de preescolares chilenos / Association between parents-children verbal communication time and the adiposity levels of chilean pre-schoolchildren

RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar la asociación entre el tiempo de comunicación verbal de padres e hijos en etapa preescolar y sus niveles de adiposidad; en segundo lugar, se busca describir las variables sociodemográficas y de composición corporal de dichos preescolares en relación con la comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y de carácter multicéntrico en el que participaron 70 preescolares. Las variables medidas fueron "niveles de adiposidad de los preescolares", variables sociodemográficas de padres y tiempo de comunicación verbal "entre padres e hijos". Resultados Con base en el tiempo de comunicación entre padres e hijos (se consideró como "bajo tiempo de comunicación" un tiempo de menos de 100 min/día y como "elevado tiempo de comunicación", uno que fuera mayor o igual a 100 min por día), se hallaron diferencias significativas en las variables peso en la clasificación nutricional de obesidad (TC<100 min/día 20.6±4 vs. TC≥100 min/día 18.4±3 kg, P=0.039), zpeso/talla (TC<100 min/día 1.791±8 vs. TC≥100 min/día 1.010±4, P=0.030), masa grasa en kg (TC<100 min/día 7.5±3 vs. TC≥100 min/día 6.3±2 kg, P=0.046), masa grasa en % (TC<100 min/día 36.3±2 vs. TC≥100 min/día 33.9±3%, P<0.05). La talla y la razón peso/talla no presentaron asociación significativa mediante el estado nutricional y las categorías de diferentes tiempos de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos por día. Además, la masa muscular fue asociada significativamente al tiempo de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos en las categorías de obesidad (TC<100 min/día 5.7±3 vs. TC≥100 min/día 5.1±3 kg, P=0.047) y masa magra del tronco (TC<100 min/día 5.2± 4 vs. 4.6±3 kg, P=0.039). Conclusiones El tiempo diario de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos se asocia significativamente a mayores niveles de adiposidad mediante el peso, zpeso/talla y masa grasa. Estos hallazgos requieren de mayor y más compleja investigación para corroborarse.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the association between the time of verbal communication parents-children with the adiposity levels of pre-schoolchildren, and secondly to describe the socio-demographic, and body composition outcomes of pre-schoolchildren by the verbal communication parents-children time. Materiales y Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study of multi-centric application, with participation of (n=70) pre-scholars. The outcomes described were the adiposity, socio-demographic data of parents and the time of verbal communication parents-children. Results Considering a low (<100 min/day) versus a high (≥100 min/day) time of verbal communication parents-children, there were significant differences in the weight of the obesity classification "total communication/day" [TC] (TC<100 min/day 20.6±4 vs. TC≥100 min/day 18.4±3 kg, P=0.039), zweight/height (TC<100 min/day 1.791±8 vs. TC≥100 min/day 1.010±4, P=0.030), lean mass in kg (TC<100 min/day 7.5±3 vs. TC≥100 min/day 6.3±2 kg, P=0.046), body fat in % (TC<100 min/day 36.3±2 vs. TC≥100 min/day 33.9±3%, P<0.05). The height and ratio weight/height do not showed significant association with the time of verbal communication parents-children. Additionally, muscle mass (TC<100 min/day 5.7±3 vs. TC≥100 min/day 5.1±3 kg, P=0.047), and trunk lean mass (TC<100 min/day 5.2± 4 vs. 4.6±3 kg, P=0.039) were significantly associated with the main outcome. Conclusions The daily time of verbal communication parents-children is significantly associated with higher levels of adiposity by the weight, zweight/height, and body fat in pre-schoolchildren. These findings require major and more complex research for corroborating.

Estado nutricional en adultos de población rural en un cantón de la sierra ecuatoriana / Nutritional Status in Adults of Rural Population in a Canton of the Ecuadorian Highlands / Estado nutricional en adultos de população rural em um cantão da serra equatoriana

Resumen Introduction: La desnutrición es un problema de salud en el mundo, y la Sierra ecuatoriana es una región bastante afectada por dicha situación. En esta investigación, se evaluó el estado nutricional de la población adulta no hospitalizada de un cantón de dicha zona. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observational, descriptivo, de corte transversal en una muestra de 115 pacientes adultos del cantón Cevallos, en la región Sierra del Ecuador durante el periodo de abril a septiembre del 2016. Para determinar el estado nutricional, se utilizó el cálculo del índice de masa corporal. Las enfermedades asociadas se determinaron a partir de la anamnesis de cada uno de los pacientes. Todos los resultados fueron evaluados mediante la determinación de valores porcentuales y se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinar la relación entre estado nutricional y enfermedades asociadas. Resultados: el 82.61% de los pacientes estaban desnutridos. El 69.56% presentaba enfermedades asociadas a un predominio de hipertensión arterial (41.84%), diabetes mellitus (21.44%) y cardiopatía isquémica (18.37%). La correlación desnutrición-enfermedades asociadas fue prácticamente nula. Conclusiones: conocer el estado de salud de la población de los adultos pertenecientes al cantón Cevallos, permitió crear los espacios necesarios para garantizar atención médica en el desarrollo de las actividades de la población, así como diseñar un programa de charlas educativas para los beneficiarios.

Abstract Introduction: Malnutrition is a global health problem, which includes, in Ecuador, the rural population of the Sierra. This is why it was decided to evaluate the nutritional status of the non-hospitalized adults of an Ecuadorian mountains canton. Materials and methods: The study carried out was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 115 mature patients of the canton Cevallos in Ecuador's Sierra region during the period April-September 2016. To determine the nutritional state, the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) was used. The associate illnesses were determined, starting from the anamnesis to each one of the patients. All the results were evaluated by means of the determination of percentage values; the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between BMI and associated diseases. Results: The patients' 82.6% was undernourished; 69.57% presented illnesses associated with the prevalence of arterial hypertension (41.84 °%), diabetes Mellitus (21.43 °%), and ischemic cardiopathy (18.37 °/o). All the patients considered as very satisfactory the intervention strategy. The correlation between malnutrition and associated diseases was practically nil. Conclusions: Knowing the state of the populations of the adults belonging to the canton health, Cevallos propitiated the creation of the necessary spaces to guarantee the medical care in the development of the population's activities, as well as to design a program of educational chats to the patient beneficiaries.

Resumo Introdução: a desnutrição constitui um problema de saúde mundial, onde se inclui, no Equador, à população rural da região serra do país, motivo pelo que se decidiu avaliar o estado nutricional da população adulta não hospitalizada de um cantão a região Serra do Equador. Materiais e métodos: se realizou um estudo observacional, descritivo, de corte transversal em uma amostra de 115 participantes adultos do cantão Cevallos na região Serra do Equador durante o período abril-setembro 2016. Para determinar o estado nutricional se utilizou o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. As doenças associadas determinaramse a partir da anamnese a cada um dos pacientes. Todos os resultados foram avaliados mediante a determinação de valores percentuais e se utilizou o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para determinar a relação entre estado nutricional e doenças associadas. Resultados: o 82.61%> dos pacientes estavam desnutridos. O 69.56%> apresentava doenças associadas a predomínio de hipertensão arterial (41.84%>), diabetes mellitus (21.44%>) e cardiopatia isquêmica (18.37%>). A correlação desnutrição-doença associada foi praticamente nula. Conclusões: Conhecer o estado de saúde da população dos adultos pertencentes ao cantão Cevallos propiciou criar os espaços necessários para garantir a atenção médica no desenvolvimento das atividades da população, assim como desenhar um Programa de Palestras Educativas aos beneficiários.

Relación entre tiempos de alimentación, composición nutricional del desayuno y estado nutricional en estudiantes universitarios de Valparaíso, Chile / Relationship between feeding schedule, nutritional composition of breakfast and nutritional status among university students in Valparaíso, Chile

RESUMEN Se han descrito estilos de vida poco saludables en estudiantes universitarios, como omisión del desayuno, alto consumo de comida rápida y horarios dispersos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relacionar distintas características de la ingesta alimentaria con el estado nutricional en este grupo. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, donde participaron 130 jóvenes sedentarios. Se evaluó el estado nutricional y la ingesta alimentaria. Un 25% de la muestra presentó malnutrición por exceso (IMC), mientras que el 50% presentó exceso de grasa corporal. Los hombres con exceso de grasa corporal mostraron un porcentaje de adecuación significativamente menor en el aporte energético al desayuno (p= 0.021) y los sujetos (ambos sexos) con exceso de grasa corporal presentaron un porcentaje de adecuación también menor en la ingesta calórica al almuerzo en comparación con los sujetos con bajas reservas energéticas (p=0.004), y su vez, todos los sujetos consumían un exceso de energía en la merienda, independiente de su estado nutricional. Se observó también una relación dependiente entre horarios de alimentación y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (p= 0.044). Una baja ingesta energética al desayuno junto con una alta ingesta durante la merienda con intervalos de ayuno mayores a 4 horas al menos una vez al día, podrían estar asociados a un exceso de grasa corporal en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios.

ABSTRACT Unhealthy lifestyles, such as omission of breakfast, high intake of fast food, and lack of mealtime schedules, have been described among university students. The aim of this study was to relate different characteristics of food intake with the nutritional status of university students. An analytical observational study was conducted among 130 sedentary young people. Nutritional status (weight, height and body fat percentage) and food intake (24h food recall and eating habits survey) were assessed. One quarter of the sample had overweight or obesity (BMI), while 50% had excess body fat. Men with excess body fat had a lower energy intake at breakfast (p= 0.021) and the subjects (both sexes) with excess body fat had a lower calorie intake at lunch compared to subjects with low energy reserves (p= 0.004). Moreover, all subjects consumed excess energy at teatime, independent of body composition. A dependent relationship between feeding schedules and body fat percentage was observed (p= 0.044). Low energy intake at breakfast along with a high intake during teatime, with fasting intervals of more than 4 hours between meals at least once a day, could be associated with excess body fat in sedentary university students.

Relación entre índice de masa corporal y características sociodemográficas en adultos mayores de una institución geriátrica peruana / Relationship between corporal mass index and social and demographic characteristics in elderly from a geriatric Peruvian institution

Introducción: El incremento de la esperanza de vida de la población es un logro de la medicina contemporánea; por tanto, la evaluación del estado nutricional y los factores sociodemográficos son importantes para la prevención y control de enfermedades en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Determinar el índice de masa corporal y su relación con las características sociodemográficas de los ancianos del Centro del Adulto Mayor de Huancayo, Junín, Perú, durante 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal de 140 adultos mayores seleccionados aleatoriamente, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se aplicó un cuestionario para determinar los factores sociodemográficos y el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal. Los datos se analizaron en el programa Stata 14, mediante la estadística descriptiva univariada, bivariada y multivariada. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Resultados: El promedio global del índice de masa corporal fue 22,48 ± 9,5, con predominio en las mujeres. Del total de pacientes, 10 presentaron delgadez (7,1 por ciento); 78 peso normal (55,7 por ciento); 46 sobrepeso (32,9 por ciento) y 6 obesidad (4,3 por ciento). Los factores sociodemográficos asociados fueron el área de residencia, la actividad física y la presencia de comorbilidades. Conclusiones: La mayoría de adultos mayores presentaron un estado de nutrición adecuado, seguido por el sobrepeso, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de programas sanitarios en alimentación y nutrición saludable en este grupo etario.

Introduction: The increment of life expectancy in a population is an achievement of the contemporary medicine; therefore, the evaluation of the nutritional state and the social and demographic factors are important for the prevention and control of diseases in the elderly. Objective: To determine the corporal mass index and its relationship with the social and demographic characteristics of the elderly at the Elderly Center in Huancayo, Junín, Peru, during 2017. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, of 140 aged persons randomly selected who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria was carried out. A questionnaire was applied to determine the social and demographic factors and the nutritional state by means of the corporal mass index. The data were analyzed in the program Stata 14, by means of the univariate, bivariate and multivariate descriptive statistics. The Chi squared test was used. Results: The global average of corporal mass index was 22.48 ± 9.5, with prevalence in women. Of the total of patient, 10 were thin (7.1 percent); 78 normal weight (55.7 percent); 46 were overweight (32.9 percent) and 6 were obese (4.3 percent). The social and demographic factors associated were the residence area, physical activity and comorbidities presence. Conclusions: Most of the elderly presented an appropriate nutritional state, followed by overweight, which evidences the necessity of health programs on feeding and healthy nutrition in this age group.

Fatores Determinantes dRetenção de Peso Pós-Parto em Lactantes Atendidas em Unidades de Saúde da Família do Município de Cuité/PB / Determinant Factors of the Postpartum Weight Retention in Lactating Women Attended in Family Health Units of the city of Cuité/PB

Introdução: Atualmente, a obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública e acomete cada vez mais mulheres em idade e estágio reprodutivo (gestação e retenção de peso pós-parto). Objetivo: Analisar os fatores determinantes da retenção de peso pós-parto em lactantes atendidas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família da zona urbana do Município de Cuité/PB. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de seguimento com 28 lactantes, com informações coletadas por meio de um questionário semiestruturado e da aferição de peso e altura no primeiro e quarto mês de lactação. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS for Windows. Resultados: Observa- -se que as lactantes multíparas e que apresentaram ganho de peso excessivo durante a gestação retiveram mais peso, não se mostrando relação com o estado pré-gestacional. Nota-se maiores médias de retenção nas mães com maior idade, e renda, as quais obtiveram ganho de peso excessivo e tiveram parto cesário. Cabe destacar que a mulher que apresentou retenção de peso superior a dois quilos após o parto, teve um aumento no seu IMC, evidenciando uma possível relação entre a retenção de peso e a instalação de sobrepeso em mulheres. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos enfatiza-se a importância do cuidado nutricional contínuo com a mulher em idade reprodutiva, incluindo acompanhamento nutricional no período pré-gestacional, com melhorias na assistência pré- -natal, e pós-parto, com a implantação de políticas públicas que proporcionem para a mulher subsídios necessários para a prevenção da obesidade.(AU)

Introduction: Obesity is currently considered a public health problem and affects an increasing number of women in reproductive age and stage (pregnancy and post-partum weight retention). Objective: To analyze determinant factors of postpartum weight retention in women cared for at the Family Health Units from urban area in the city of Cuité/PB. Methods: It is a follow-up study with 28 women, with information collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and weight and height tests performed in the first and fourth month of lactation. For data analysis, we used the SPSS statistical software for Windows. Results: It is observed that multiparous women and who had presented excessive weight gain during pregnancy retained more weight, showing no relation with the pre-pregnancy state. It is noticed a higher average of retention in mothers with higher age and income, who had presented an excessive weight gain and had caesarian section. It is important to point out that the woman who presented more than two kilos of weight retention after giving birth had an increase in her BMI, suggesting a possible connection between weight retention and overweight presence in women. Conclusions: Based on the results, it is emphasized the importance of continuous nutritional care to women in reproductive age, including nutritional monitoring in the pre-pregnancy period, with improvements in prenatal and postpartum care, and the implementation of public policies which provide necessary subsides for the prevention of obesity in women.(AU)

Análisis estadístico implicativo en la determinación de factores pronósticos del estado nutricional del paciente grave al egreso / Statistical analysis involving the determination of prognosis factors for the nutritional state of the severely ill patient at discharge

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, no balanceado, anidados en una cohorte, de pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos e Intermedios del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, con la doble finalidad de identificar los factores pronósticos que incidieron en el estado nutricional al egreso de estos y además evaluar la utilidad del análisis estadístico implicativo en la identificación de dichos factores. En el procesamiento de los datos se emplearon dos técnicas: la regresión logística, con la cual se identificaron como factores de mal pronóstico la ventilación mecánica, la infección intrahospitalaria, el tratamiento quirúrgico y la estadía prolongada; y el análisis estadístico implicativo, con el que se detectaron el estado nutricional al ingreso, la infección intrahospitalaria, la ventilación mecánica y la estadía prolongada. El análisis estadístico implicativo mostró mayor probabilidad de identificar factores pronósticos, con buenos resultados en los indicadores de eficacia estimados

An unbalanced cases and control study, nested in a cohort, of patients assisted in the Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit of Saturnine Lora Torres Teaching Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out, with the double purpose of identifying the prognosis factors that impacted in the nutritional state at their discharge and also to evaluate the usefulness of the statistical analysis for the identification of these factors. In the processing of data two techniques were used: the logistical regression analysis, with which the mechanical ventilation, the intrahospital infection, the surgical treatment and the prolonged stay were identified as bad prognosis factors; and the statistical analysis, with which the nutritional state at admission, the intrahospital infection, the mechanical ventilation and the prolonged stay were detected. The statistical analysis showed a higher probability of identifying prognosis factors, with good results in the effectiveness calculated indicators

Estado nutricional, alimentação e saúde oral em idosos de um município da serra gaúcha / Nutritional state, nourishment and oral health in the elders of a town located in gaucho highlands

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional, alimentação e a saúde oral de idosos de um município da serra no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de um estudo transversal descritivo e analítico quantitativo, com dados primários. As variáveis analisadas foram: gênero; idade (≥60 anos); peso (kg); altura (m); índice de massa corporal (IMC=kg/m²), circunferência da cintura (CC=cm), circunferência do braço (CB=cm) e circunferência da panturilha (CP=cm). Para avaliação do estado nutricional utilizou-se a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e o consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA). Em relação à saúde bucal, aplicou-se o GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) e o EAT-10 (Instrumento de Avaliação da Alimentação). Dos 135 idosos avaliados, 71,9% eram mulheres. A obesidade abdominal foi prevalente nas mulheres (p=0,037) e o risco de desnutrição pela MAN quanto à prevalência de baixo peso pelo IMC aumentaram com a idade (p=0,021 e p=0,039). Para os demais métodos de avaliação nutricional, as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Ainda pela MAN, houve diferença significativa, onde as mulheres se perceberam com melhor saúde (p=0,030). Ao investigar a saúde oral, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05). O consumo de frutas frescas (p=0,006) foi maior nas mulheres e batata/salgados fritos (p=0,001) foi mais consumido pelos homens. Não houve associação significativa entre os resultados da saúde oral com o consumo alimentar (p>0,05). Torna-se necessário reforçar orientações sobre alimentação saudável, para que os idosos possam adequar sua alimentação e prevenir problemas advindos de uma má nutrição, bem como, outros estudos devem ser realizados com estas variáveis. (AU)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritional sate, the nourishment and the oral health of elderly people in a town located in Gaucho Highlands, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was a transversal, descriptive, qualitative analytical, with primary data. The variations analysed were: gender, age (≥60 years old), weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²), waist circumference (WC=cm), arm circumference (AC=cm), calf circumference (CC=cm). To the evaluation, we used the "Mini Nutritional Assesment" (MNA), the food intake was evaluated by the Quizz of Nourishment Frequency (QNF), (SISVAN). For the oral health, we used the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index) and the EAT-10 (Eating Assesment Tool). From the 135 elders who were evaluated, 71.9% were women. The abdominal obesity was more important in women (p=0.037) and the risk of innutrition by MNA about the prevalence of low weight, by BMI, raised with the age (p=0.021 e p=0.039). For the other methods of nutritional evaluation, the differences weren't statistically significant. Still, by MNA there was a significant difference, where the women perceived themselves with better health (p=0.030). When investigating the oral health, there wasn't a significant difference (p>0.05). The consumption of fresh fruits (p=0.006) was bigger among the women and the consumption of potatoes/fried snacks (p=0.001) was bigger among the men. There wasn't a significant association between the results of the oral health and food consumption (p>0.05). It is necessary to reinforce guidances about healthy nourishment, so the elders can adequate their nourishment and prevent problems that come from a bad nutrition, as well as other studies must be done with these variations. (AU)

Imagem corporal, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima e ansiedade em gestantes de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Body image, eating attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and anxiety in pregnant women of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo As mudanças vivenciadas pelas gestantes podem impactar negativamente as atitudes corporais e as variáveis associadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência das atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima, ansiedade e IMC na imagem corporal de gestantes. Este estudo quantitativo e transversal contou com 386 gestantes de todas as idades gestacionais, entre 18 a 46 anos de idade (média de 29,32 ± 6,04 anos) da cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG. Foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar atitudes corporais, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima e ansiedade. Foram coletados dados antropométricos e obstétricos. Realizou-se análises estatísticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Os achados indicaram correlações significativas entre as atitudes corporais e: atitudes alimentares inadequadas (r = 0,478), sintomas depressivos (r = 0,387), baixa autoestima (r = 0,431) e elevado IMC (r = 0,339). Além disso, essas variáveis juntas exerceram influência de 41,4% sobre a imagem corporal negativa das gestantes. Assim, recomenda-se a avaliação e a orientação nutricional e psicológica a fim de detectar e prevenir psicopatologias, tendo em vista a saúde materna e infantil.

Abstract The experiences of change that pregnant women live through can have a negative effect on their bodily attitudes and the associated variables. This study aimed to establish the influence on pregnant women's body image of their eating attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, anxiety and body mass index. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study, of 386 pregnant women of a range of child-bearing age - from 18 to 46 (mean 29.32 ± 6.04) - of the city of Juiz de Fora, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Instruments were applied to evaluate body attitudes, food attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and anxiety. Anthropometric and obstetric data were collected. Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were made. The findings indicated significant correlations between body attitudes and: inadequate eating attitudes (r = 0.478), depressive symptoms (r = 0.387), low self-esteem (r = 0.431) and high BMI (r = 0.339). In addition, these variables together exerted an influence measured as 41.4% on the negative body image of the pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended that pregnant women should be assessed nutritionally and psychologically and given orientation in these aspects, in order to detect and prevent psychopathology, with a view to optimal maternal and child health.

Estado nutricional e as comorbidades associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no idoso / Nutritional status and comorbidities associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the elderly

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia que ocorre tanto por resistência à ação da insulina como por deficiência na secreção deste hormônio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e relacionar o estado nutricional, as comorbidades e complicações associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em pacientes idosos internados em um hospital do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. A amostra foi composta por 25 pacientes idosos, internados em outubro e novembro de 2014. Foram verificados nos prontuários o gênero, o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a presença de comorbidades e complicações relacionadas ao diabetes. Conforme o IMC, 8% (n=2) dos idosos apresentaram magreza, 32% (n=8), eutrofia e 60% (n=15), excesso de peso. As comorbidades e complicações mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) (84%), doença arterial coronariana (36%), trombose (16%), pé diabético (16%), amputação de membro inferior (16%), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (16%) e dislipidemia (16%),. Os resultados demonstraram a predominância do excesso de peso, sendo o sexo feminino o mais afetado, e a HAS como a comorbidade mais prevalente entre os pacientes diabéticos.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which occurs both for resistance to insulin as deficiency in the hormone secretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate the nutritional state, the comorbidities and complications associated with the diabetes mellitus type 2 in elderly patients admitted to a hospital in Santa Cruz do Sul,RS, Brazil. The sample consisted of 25 elderly patients, admitted in October and November 2014. It was checked in the medical records the gender, the nutritional state by a body mass index (BMI) and the presence of comorbidities and complications associated with the diabetes. According to the BMI, 8% (n=2) elderly people showed underweight, 32% (n=8) eutrophy and 60% (n=15) overweight. The most prevalent comorbidities and complications were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (84%), coronary heart disease (36%), thrombosis (16%), diabetic foot (16%), lower-limb amputation (16%), congestive heart failure (16%), and dyslipidemia (16%).. The results showed the predominance of overweight, the female sex being the most affected, and SAH as the most prevalent comorbidity among diabetic patients.

Perfil nutricional de pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados / Nutritional profile of hospitalized adults and elderly people

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os hábitos alimentares em adultos e idosos hospitalizados em um hospital público de Montes Claros (MG). Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e transversal. Foram utilizados, para avaliação nutricional, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a Avaliação Subjetiva Global (ASG). A amostra foi composta por 39 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente, internados em um hospital público da cidade de Montes Claros (MG). Verificou-se que 32,35% dos pacientes eram eutróficos, com IMC > 20,5 kg/m², e 61,76% dos pacientes adultos eram obesos, com IMC > 25 kg/m². A desnutrição esteve presente em 5,88% dos pacientes adultos, com IMC < 20,5 kg/m². Com relação aos idosos, foram diagnosticados que 40% destes eram obesos e 20%, desnutridos. Em relação à ASG, adultos e idosos foram classificados na categoria C, gravemente desnutridos. O estado nutricional dos pacientes foi evidenciado pela alta prevalência de risco nutricional e sobrepeso/obesidade. Os resultados presentes evidenciam a importância da utilização de mais de um método de triagem nutricional em pacientes hospitalizados, para obter-se maior precisão na avaliação.

The feeding habits of hospitalized adults and elderly people in a government-run hospital in Montes Claros MG Brazil are evaluated. Current descriptive, quantitative and transversal research comprised nutritional evaluation, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Total Subjective Evaluation (TSE) of 39 patients, males and females, over 18 years old, randomly selected and hospitalized in a government-run hospital in Montes Claros MG Brazil. Further, 32.35% of patients were eutrophic, with BMI > 20.5 kg/m²; 61.76% were obese, with BMI > 25 kg/m². Undernourishment occurred in 5.88% of adult patients, with BMI < 20.5 kg/m². In the case of the elderly, 40% were obese and 20% were undernourished. In the case of TSE, adults and elderly were classified under category C, seriously undernourished. The patients´ nutritional state was proved by high prevalence of nutritional risks and overweight/obesity. Results revealed the importance of the employment of more than one method for nutritional selection in hospitalized patients for better evaluation.

Factores bioquímicos relacionados con el estado nutricional del binomio madre-hijo / Biochemical factors related to the nutritional state of the binomial mother-son

Se efectuó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva de 53 embarazadas, atendidas en el Policlínico Docente "30 de Noviembre'' de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a determinar la relación entre los factores bioquímicos y el estado nutricional del binomio madre-hijo, durante el 2014. Para la realización de las determinaciones bioquímicas, se hicieron extracciones de sangre en el primer y tercer trimestres de la gestación. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado de independencia con un nivel de significación de 5 %. Existió asociación entre las variables bioquímicas en relación con el estado nutricional del binomio madre-hijo. Entre los efectos adversos asociados a la mala nutrición de las gestantes sobresalieron: anemia, diabetes gestacional y dislipidemias.

A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective investigation of 53 pregnant women, assisted at "30 de Noviembre" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out, aimed at determining the relationship between the biochemical factors and the nutritional state of the binomial mother-son, during 2014. Blood extractions were made in the first and third trimester of pregnancy in order to make biochemical determinations. The chi-square test of independence was used with a 5 % level of significance. There was an association between the biochemical variables in connection with the nutritional state of the binomial mother-son. Among the adverse effects associated to the pregnant women poor nutrition there were: anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and dyslipemias.

Programa estaciones saludables en la ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires / Health stations program in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires

INTRODUCCIÓN: el programa estaciones saludables (ES) cuenta con puntos de promoción de salud en la vía pública con acceso libre y gratuito para personas que transitan la CiudadAutónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). OBJETIVOS: Describir el perfil de los usuarios de ES. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo. RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 2012 y octubre de 2015 se atendió a 831 784 personas (44% varones y 56% mujeres). El 37,7% asistió más de una vez (promedio: 3,28 visitas/persona),la mayoría eran adultos de CABA. Se destacó el exceso de peso en todos los grupos etarios y en ambos sexos: el sobrepeso y la obesidad alcanzaron el 51,4% entre los niños de 5 a 12 años y el 34,8% entre los adolescentes. En los adultos, el exceso de peso se incrementó junto con el rango etario y fue más prevalente en los hombres. El 60% de las embarazadas presentó exceso de peso para la edad gestacional. La tensión arterial se observó elevada en el 41,5% de los usuarios, y la glucemia, en el 10,5%. Entre los principales motivos de consejería nutricional se destacaron: sobrepeso/obesidad y alimentación saludable; entre los objetivos: disminuir el consumo de hidratos de carbono, aumentar el consumo de frutas y vegetales, ordenar comidas y comenzar a realizar actividad física.CONCLUSIONES: Las ES son un espacio propicio para implementar acciones de prevención y promoción de salud, orientadas a producir mejoras en la alimentación y los estilos de vida de los usuarios.

ABSTRACT: the health stations (HS) program consists of health promotion points located in publicspaces, which are available free of charge for people being in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA). OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of HS users. METHODS: A descriptive study was performed. RESULTS: From January 2012 to October 2015, a total of 831, 784 people visited the HS (44% men; 56%women). Most of them were adults from CABA, and 37.7% went to HS more than once (average: 3.28 visits per person). Excess weight was present in all age groups and in both sexes: 51.4% of children 5 to 12 years of age and 34.8% of teenagers wereoverweight or obese. Among adults, excess weight increased along with age, and was more prevalent in men. The weight of pregnant women was excessive for gestational age in 60%of the cases. Blood pressure levels were elevated in 41.5% of users, and blood sugar levels were high in 10.5%. The main reasons for nutritional counseling (NC) were overweight/obesity and healthy eating, while the main NC objectives were to reduce carbohydrate consumption, increase fruit and vegetable consumption, organize the diet and start doing physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: HS are a good space to implement health promotion and prevention actions, aimed at achieving improvements in eating habits and lifestyles.

Efeitos de um programa multidisciplinar sobre a modulação autonômica de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade / Effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents

PURPOSE: this study evaluated the effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS: fifteen individuals with 10,93 ± 2,28 years were submitted to autonomic evaluation using heart rate variability before and after a program based on physical exercises for three months, three times a week, 60 minutes per session and psychological and nutritional counseling. Data was analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: multidisciplinary program was able to promote benefits in autonomic modulation observed thought temporal (SDNN: 39,96 ± 10,33 x 49,44 ± 12,31; p = 0,019; rMSSD: 28,97 ± 11,50 x 37,26 ± 11,17; p = 0,018), spectral (LFnu: 64,49 ± 12,21 x 56,74 ± 11,18; p = 0,014; HFnu: 35,50 ± 12,21 x 43,25 ± 11,18; p = 0,014) and geometrical (SD1: 20,51 ± 8,13 x 26,36 ± 7,90; p = 0,018 SD2: 52,31 ± 13,04 x 64,58 ± 16,33; p = 0,031) indices in overweigh and obese children and adolescents. Also, after the intervention there was a reduction on resting heart rate (88,53 ± 9,24 x 83,09 ± 7,93; p = 0,023) and there were changes in the classification of overweigh 26,67% x 46,66% and obesity 73,33% x 53,33%, although not significant changes in body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: exercise program together with nutritional and psychological counseling is able to promote benefits in autonomic modulation in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência de um programa multidisciplinar na modulação autonômica de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. MÉTODO: quinze indivíduos com 10,93 ± 2,28 anos foram submetidos a avaliação da modulação autonômica por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca antes e após um programa de atividades físicas conduzido por três meses, com frequência de três vezes na semana por 60 minutos cada sessão, associado com aconselhamento nutricional e psicológico. Para análise estatística foi utilizado teste T para dados pareados ou teste de Wilcoxon com significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: o programa multidisciplinar foi capaz de influenciar positivamente a modulação autonômica o que pode ser observado por índices temporais (SDNN = 39,96 ± 10,33 vs. 49,44 ± 12,31; p = 0,019; rMSSD = 28,97 ± 11,50 vs. 37,26 ± 11,17; p = 0,018), espectrais (LFnu = 64,49 ± 12,21 vs. 56,74 ± 11,18; p = 0,014; HFnu = 35,50 ± 12,21 vs. 43,25 ± 11,18; p = 0,014) e geométricos (SD1 = 20,51 ± 8,13 vs. 26,36 ± 7,90; p = 0,018; SD2 = 52,31 ± 13,04 vs. 64,58 ± 16,33; p = 0,031) de variabilidade em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Adicionalmente, após a intervenção houve redução da frequência cardíaca de repouso (88,53 ± 9,24 vs. 83,09 ± 7,93; p = 0,023) e mudanças na classificação da obesidade dos indivíduos para sobrepeso 26,67% vs. 46,66% e obesidade 73,33% vs. 53,33%. Apesar disso, não houve diferença significante no índice de massa corporal. CONCLUSÕES: um programa de exercícios associado com aconselhamento nutricional e psicológico foi capaz de promover benefícios na modulação autonômica em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Bone mineral density and nutritional state according to milk consumption in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee: Using the 2008~2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated bone mineral density and nutritional state according to consumption of milk in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee. METHODS: Using the 2008~2009 Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey data, a total of 1,373 postmenopausal females aged 50 yrs and over were analyzed after excluding those with diseases related to bone health. According to coffee and/or milk consumption, subjects were divided into four groups: coffee only, both coffee & milk, milk only, and none of the above. All data were processed after application of weighted values and adjustment of age, body mass index, physical activity, drinking, and smoking using a general linear model. For analysis of nutrient intake and bone density, data were additionally adjusted by total energy and calcium intake. RESULTS: The coffee & milk group had more subjects younger than 65 yrs and higher education, urban residents, and higher income than any other group. The coffee only group showed somewhat similar characteristics as the none of the above group, which showed the highest percentage of subjects older than 65 and in a lower education and socio-economic state. Body weight, height, body mass index, and lean mass were the highest in coffee & milk group and lowest in the none of the above group. On the other hand, the milk only group showed the lowest values for body mass index and waist circumference, whereas percent body fat did not show any difference among the groups. The coffee and milk group showed the highest bone mineral density in the total femur and lumbar spine as well as the highest nutritional state and most food group intakes, followed by the milk only group, coffee only group, and none of the above group. In the assessment of osteoporosis based on T-score of bone mineral density, although not significant, the coffee and milk group and milk only group, which showed a better nutritional state, included more subjects with a normal bone density, whereas the none of the above group included more subjects with osteoporosis than any other group. CONCLUSION: Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women might not be affected by coffee drinking if their diets are accompanied by balanced food and nutrient intake including milk.

Percepção materna do estado nutricional de crianças em idade pré-escolar frequentadoras de creches públicas / Maternal perception of nutritional status of pre-school children through the marketing of public day care

OBJETIVO ­ Analisar a correlação entre a percepção materna e o estado nutricional de seus filhos em idade pré-escolar. MÉTODOS ­ Estudo transversal realizado com 661 crianças com idade entre 2 e 4 anos incompletos. A classificação do estado nutricional foi baseada na distribuição do escore z do Índice de Massa Corporal (zIMC), segundo critério do Ministério da Saúde (2009). Além disso, foi estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre zIMC e a percepção materna em relação ao peso da criança. A percepção materna foi caracterizada a partir da questão: "Em relação ao peso da criança você acha que: está adequado; abaixo do adequado; muito abaixo do adequado; acima do adequado; ou muito acima do adequado". RESULTADOS ­ A média de escore z de IMC foi de 0,57 (IC 95%: 0,48 a 0,66) com desvio padrão de 1,19 e mediana de 0,52. A prevalência de excesso de peso dos pré-escolares (risco de sobrepeso, sobrepeso e obesidade) foi de 29,8%. A percepção materna da condição nutricional percebida e o diagnosticado evidenciou uma correlação direta significante com o escore z de IMC da criança (r=0,46; p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO ­ Observa-se que existe uma tendência positiva de correlação entre a percepção materna e o estado nutricional dos pré-escolares, sugerindo que em geral a mãe tem uma percepção razoavelmente adequada da condição nutricional do filho

OBJECTIVE­ Analyze the correlation between the perception and the nutritional status of their children in preschool age. METHODS­ Crosssectional study conducted with 661 children aged between 2 and 4 years of age. The classification of nutritional status was based on z score distribution of body mass index (zBMI), according to the Ministry of Health (2009). In addition, it was estimated the Pearson correlation coefficient between zBMI and maternal perceptions regarding the child's weight. Maternal perception was characterized from the question: "in relation to the weight of the child do you think: is appropriate; below the appropriate; far below the appropriate; above the appropriate; or well above the appropriate". RESULTS­ The average BMI z score was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48-0.66) with standard deviation of 1.19 and median of 0.52. The prevalence of overweight of preschoolers (risk of overweigh, overweight and obesity) was 29.8%. Maternal perception of perceived nutritional condition and diagnosed showed a direct correlation significant with the child's BMI z score (rp =0.46; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION­ It is observed that there is a positive trend of correlation between the perception and the nutritional status of pre-school children, suggesting that in general the mother has a reasonably adequate perception of the nutritional condition of the son.

Estado nutricional en menores de 10 años atendidos en la ESE Hospital Santa Mónica de Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia, en el período de 2008-2012 / Nutritional status in children under 10 years old attended at the ESE Hospital Santa Mónica of Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia, in the period 2008-2012

Introducción: la evaluación del estado nutricional en la población pediátrica es uno de los aspectos de mayor importancia en salud pública, dado que refleja diferentes aspectos vinculados a las condiciones de vida y entornos saludables para el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo. Sin embargo, en Dosquebradas no hay estudios en la última década que permitan conocer dicha situación. Objetivo: valorar el estado nutricional en la población menor de 10 años atendida en la ESE Hospital Santa Mónica del Municipio Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia, en el período 2008 a 2012. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, con una muestra por conveniencia de 34 315 niños entre 0 y 10 años, evaluando los indicadores peso para la edad, talla para la edad, desnutrición crónica, peso para la talla e índice de masa corporal, desnutrición aguda. Resultados: para la desnutrición global se halló una prevalencia de 18,99% (18,99-19,41 IC95%), para la crónica fue de 20,86% (20,43-21,29 IC95%) y para la aguda fue de 25,81% (25,35-26,28 IC95%). Conclusiones: los presentes resultados deben orientar al diseño de políticas públicas que impulsen estrategias de intervención nutricional, seguridad alimentaria, disponibilidad de alimentos y de educación nutricional en el municipio con el fin de mejorar en forma integral las condiciones nutricionales que tiene la población infantil en Dosquebradas. Existe aún un considerable nivel de desnutrición en la población infantil de Dosquebradas evaluada en el Hospital Santa Mónica de Dosquebradas.

Introduction: nutritional state in pediatric population is a major topic for public health; this reflects different aspects of life conditions and healthy environments for good growth and development. In Dosquebradas there are no studies in the last decade describing that situation. Objetive: for these reasons, a study assessing the nutritional state of children <10 years-old population attended at the Hospital Santa Monica, municipality Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia, 2008-2012, was done. Materials and Methods: a non-longitudinal retrospective study, with a convenience sample of 34315 children, assessing the indicators Weight for Age (W/A global deficit malnutrition), Height for Age, chronic deficit malnutrition, Weight for Height and Body Mass Index, acute deficit malnutrition, in children less than 10 years-old, was done. Results: for global malnutrition a prevalence of 18.99% (18.99-19.41 95%CI) was found. For chronic malnutrition was 20.86% (20.43- 21.29 95%CI). And for acute malnutrition 25.81% (25.35-26.28 95%CI). Conclusions: present results should guide to the design of public policies that would impulse nutritional intervention policies, food safety, food availability and nutritional education in the municipality with the objective to integrally improve nutritional conditions at the children population of Dosquebradas. A considerable level of malnutrition still exist in the pediatric population of Dosquebradas attended at the Hospital Santa Mónica of Dosquebradas.